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American Narcotic Policy,” в кн. Treating Drug Problems, vol. 2, ed. D. R. Gerstein and H. J. Harwood (Washington, DC: National Academies Press, 1992), 4–7.

593

Oliver Harris, “Editor’s Introduction,” в кн. Burroughs, Junky, xxii. Также о Горации см. William S. Burroughs Jr., Cursed from Birth, ed. David Ohle (Brooklyn: Soft Skull Press, 2006), 31–32.

594

Morgan, Literary Outlaw, 158; Burroughs, Junky, 62–64.

595

Nancy D. Campbell, James P. Olsen, and Luke Walden, The Narcotic Farm: The Rise and Fall of America’s First Prison for Drug Addicts (Lexington: University of Kentucky Press, 2021), 35–50.

596

Burroughs, Junky, 69.

597

David T. Courtwright, Dark Paradise: A History of Opiate Addiction in America (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2001), 132–133. See also David F. Musto, The American Disease: Origins of Narcotic Control, 3rd ed. (New York: Oxford University Press, 1999), 336; William L. White, Slaying the Dragon: The History of Addiction Treatment and Recovery in America, 2nd ed. (Chicago: Lighthouse Institute, 2014), 126.

598

Так, он доказал, что если извлечь сыворотку из крови человека с зависимостью и ввести ее мышам, это не защитит их от передозировки морфином.

599

“Dr. Lawrence Kolb, 6645 32nd Street, N. W., Washington, DC, April 24, 1963,” Reminiscences of Lawrence Kolb, Oral History Archives at Columbia, Rare Book & Manuscript Library, Columbia University, New York, 7.

600

Courtwright, Dark Paradise, 130–131.

601

“Dr. Lawrence Kolb,” 23–25.

602

Lawrence Kolb, “Types and Characteristics of Drug Addicts,” Mental Hygiene 9, no. 2 (April 1925): 300–313, https://collections.nlm.nih.gov/ocr/nlm: nlmuid-2934112RX136-leaf; Caroline Acker, Creating the American Junkie: Addiction Research in the Classic Era of Narcotic Control (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2002), 141.

603

William R. Miller, Alyssa A. Forcehimes, and Allen Zweben, Treating Addiction: A Guide for Professionals, 2nd ed. (New York: Guilford Press, 2019), 19. См. также Maia Szalavitz, Unbroken Brain (New York: Macmillan, 2016), гл. 5.

604

Acker, Creating the American Junkie, 135.

605

Konrad Banicki, “The Character-Personality Distinction: An Historical, Conceptual, and Functional Investigation,” Theory & Psychology 27, no. 1 (January 2017), https://doi.org/10.1177%2F0959354316684689.

606

Courtwright, Dark Paradise, 129.

607

Campbell, Olsen, and Walden, Narcotic Farm, 15, 52.

608

Former Inmate No. 34, “Dope Addicts, ‘America’s Untouchables,’ Described by Former Inmate of United States Narcotic Farm Here; Treatment Given at Government Institution Is Praised,” Lexington (KY) Herald, December 1, 1935, 1, 18, https://www.newspapers.com/image/681291015.

609

Nancy D. Campbell, Discovering Addiction: The Science and Politics of Substance Abuse Research (Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 2007), 61, 65–68, 129.

610

Anslinger, William Tompkins, The Traffic in Narcotics (New York: Funk & Wagnalls, 1953), 279, https://www.druglibrary.org/schaffer/people/anslinger/traffic/traffic.htm.

611

John Burnett, “The Bath Riots: Indignity along the Mexican Border,” NPR, January 28, 2006, https://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=5176177.

612

H. Wayne Morgan, Drugs in America: A Social History, 1800–1980 (Syracuse, NY: Syracuse University Press, 1982), 138; см. также Richard J. Bonnie and Charles H. Whitebread, The Marijuana Conviction: A History of Marijuana Prohibition in the United States (Charlottesville: University Press of Virginia, 1974), 42; Doris Marie Provine, Unequal Under Law: Race in the War on Drugs (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2007), loc. 1153–1154 of 2874. Следует отметить, что, как подробно зафиксировал историк Айзек Кампос, движение против марихуаны не зародилось в США, а было импортировано из Мексики, где существовала давняя традиция демонизации курильщиков марихуаны: Isaac Campos, Home Grown: Marijuana and the Origins of Mexico’s War on Drugs (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2012).

613

Bonnie and Whitebread, The Marijuana Conviction, 42, 100–117; Edward M. Brecher, “Marijuana Is Outlawed,” в кн. Brecher and the Editors of Consumer Reports, The Consumers Union Report on Licit and Illicit Drugs (New York: Consumers Union, 1972), гл. 56.

614

Marcus Boon, The Road of Excess: A History of Writers on Drugs (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2005), 157.

615

Louis J. Gasnier, dir., Reefer Madness, 1936, https://archive.org/details/reefer_madness1938.

616

Taxation of Marihuana: Hearings before the Committee on Ways and Means House of Representatives on H. R. 6385, 75th Cong. 952 (1937) (additional statement of H. J. Anslinger, commissioner of narcotics), at 29, https://books.google.com/books?id=2EjVAAAAMAAJ.

617

H. J. Anslinger, William Tompkins, The Traffic in Narcotics (New York: Funk & Wagnalls, 1953), 223. «Третью и самую многочисленную группу составляют психопаты. Именно они составляют большинство среди зависимого населения…»

618

Anslinger, Tompkins, Traffic in Narcotics, 170. См., к примеру: «Юного „наркомана“ следует извлечь из сообщества и изолировать, подвергнуть принудительному лечению. Добровольно он на это не пойдет».

619

Harry Anslinger, Kenneth W. Chapman, “Narcotic Addiction,’’ Modern Medicine 25 (1957), 182, цит. по Courtwright, “Century of American Narcotic Policy,” 14.

620

Anslinger, Tompkins, Traffic in Narcotics, 241.

621

Richmond Hobson, “The Struggle of Mankind against Its Deadliest Foe,” Narcotic Education 1, no. 4 (April 1928): 51–54. Подробнее о деятельности Колба Musto, American Disease, 190, 372; Lawrence Kolb, “Drug Addiction as a Public Health Problem,” Scientific Monthly 48, no. 5 (1939): 391–400; Courtwright, Dark Paradise, 132.

622

John C. Ball, Emily S. Cottrell, “Admissions of Narcotic Drug Addicts to Public Health Service Hospitals, 1935–1963,” Public Health Reports 80, no. 6 (June 1965):