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and Industry Forecast, 2018–2025 (Portland, OR: Allied Market Research, 2018), https://www.alliedmarketresearch.com/alcoholic-beverages-market.

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René I. Jahiel, Thomas F. Babor, “Industrial Epidemics, Public Health Advocacy and the Alcohol Industry: Lessons from Other Fields,” Addiction 102, no. 9 (September 2007): 1335–1339, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1360–0443.2007.01900.x. Об открытии рынков Юго-Восточной Азии и Африки для алкоголя и аналогичных устремлениях глобальных производителей продуктов питания см. также David Courtwright, The Age of Addiction: How Bad Habits Became Big Business (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2019), 150, 190.

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Øystein Bakke, Dag Endal, “Vested Interests in Addiction Research and Policy Alcohol Policies Out of Context: Drinks Industry Supplanting Government Role in Alcohol Policies in Sub-Saharan Africa,” Addiction 105, no. 1 (January 2010): 22–28, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1360–0443.2009.02695.x.

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Bakke and Endal, “Vested Interests in Addiction Research,” 26.

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Sarah Milov, The Cigarette: A Political History (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2019); David T. Courtwright, Forces of Habit: Drugs and the Making of the Modern World (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2001), 114–122; Iris Mostegel, “The Original Influencer,” History Today, February 6, 2019, https://www.historytoday.com/miscellanies/original-influencer. Больше изображений в работе Wendy Christensen, “Torches of Freedom: Women and Smoking Propaganda,” Sociological Images (blog), February 27, 2012, https://thesocietypages.org/socimages/2012/02/27/torches-of-freedom-women-and-smoking-propaganda/.

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David T. Courtwright, “Mr. ATOD’s Wild Ride: What Do Alcohol, Tobacco, and Other Drugs Have in Common?” Social History of Alcohol and Drugs 20, no. 1 (Fall 2005): 105–124, https://doi.org/10.1086/SHAD20010105.

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Betty Ford, Chris Chase, Betty: A Glad Awakening (New York: Doubleday, 1987), 53–60. См. также White, Slaying the Dragon, 396–397. Следует отметить, что для многих феминистских авторов история Бетти не была вдохновляющей: они видели в ней историю домохозяйки, которая провалилась в выполнении «супружеских обязанностей», после чего была отдана в руки патерналистской системы лечения.

571

John Duka, “Elizabeth Taylor: Journal of a Recovery,” New York Times, February 4, 1985, https://www.nytimes.com/1985/02/04/style/elizabeth-taylor-journal-of-a-recovery.html.

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White, Slaying the Dragon, 395.

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Travis, Language of the Heart (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina, 2009), 274.

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Vince R. Miller, “The Twelve Steps: Meeting the Challenge of Our Success,” Recovering, January 1991, 1–9, цит. по Robin Room, “Healing Ourselves and Our Planet: The Emergence and Nature of a Generalized Twelve-Step Consciousness,” Contemporary Drug Problems 19 (Winter 1992): 717–740.

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Brown and Brown, Mrs. Marty Mann, 217.

576

Stanton Peele, The Meaning of Addiction (San Francisco: Jossey-Bass, 1985), 28.

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В «Большой книге» история Мэнн рассказывается в главе «Женщины тоже страдают» (Women Suffer Too).

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Kurtz, Not God, 199.

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Raphael, Bill W. and Mr. Wilson, 60.

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Bill Wilson, lecture to the National Clergy Conference on Alcoholism, 1960, http://www.a-1associates.com/aa/LETS_ASK_BILL/wilsonstalktotheclergy.htm.

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Marty Mann, New Primer on Alcoholism: How People Drink, How to Recognize Alcoholics, and What to Do about Them (New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 1958). См. в особенности гл. 2.

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См., например, Nicholas J. Wareham and Stephen O’Rahilly, “The Changing Classification and Diagnosis of Diabetes: New Classification Is Based on Pathogenesis, Not Insulin Dependence,” British Medical Journal 317, no. 7155 (August 1998): 359–360, https://dx.doi.org/10.1136%2Fbmj.317.7155.359; Steven H. Woolf and Stephen F. Rothemich, “New Diabetes Guidelines: A Closer Look at the Evidence,” American Family Physician 58, no. 6 (October 1998): 1287–1289, PMID: 9803186; Barbara Brooks-Worrell, Jerry P. Palmer, “Is Diabetes Mellitus a Continuous Spectrum?” Clinical Chemistry 57, no. 2 (February 2011): 158–61, https://doi.org/10.1373/clinchem.2010.148270.

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Марти Мэнн, письмо Джулиану Армстронгу, 8 сентября 1945, цит. по Johnson, “Alcoholism Movement,” 289.

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Mann, New Primer, 128–129.

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Robin Room, Wayne D. Hall, “Frameworks for Understanding Drug Use and Societal Responses,” в кн. Drug Use in Australian Society, 2nd ed., ed. A. Ritter, T. King, and M. Hamilton (Sydney: Oxford University Press, 2017).

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J. Morris et al., “Continuum Beliefs Are Associated with Higher Problem Recognition than Binary Beliefs among Harmful Drinkers without Addiction Experience,” Addictive Behaviors 105 (June 2020): 106292, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.addbeh.2020.106292.

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William R. Miller et al., “What Predicts Relapse? Prospective Testing of Antecedent Models,” Addiction 91, no. S1 (August 1996): S155–172, PMID: 8997790.

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Bernice A. Pescosolido et al., “ ‘A Disease Like Any Other’? A Decade of Change in Public Reactions to Schizophrenia, Depression, and Alcohol Dependence,” American Journal of Psychiatry 167, no. 11 (November 2010): 1321–1330, https://dx.doi.org/10.1176%2Fappi.ajp.2010.09121743. См. также Emma E. McGinty and Colleen L. Barry, “Stigma Reduction to Combat the Addiction Crisis – Developing an Evidence Base,” New England Journal of Medicine 382, no. 14 (April 2020): 1291–1292, https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMp2000227.

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Кит Хэмфрис, в электронном письме к автору, 28 июля 2020 года. Относительно недавно некоммерческая организация по борьбе с зависимостью Shatterproof начала новую кампанию против стигматизации, гораздо более детализированную и в меньшей степени опирающуюся на понятие болезни: “Shatterproof Releases National Addiction Stigma Strategy as the COVID-19 Pandemic Continues to Worsen the Addiction Public Health Crisis,” Shatterproof, accessed February 27, 2021, https://www.shatterproof.org/press/shatterproof-releases-national-addiction-stigma-strategy-covid-19-pandemic-continues-worsen.

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William Seabrook, Asylum (New York: Dover, 2015). Писатель Уилли Сибрук – яркий пример этого явления. “Willie Seabrook, Author, Is Suicide,” St. Petersburg Times, September 21, 1945.

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William S. Burroughs, Junky, ed. Oliver Harris (New York: Penguin Classics, 2008), 30–33; Ted Morgan, Literary Outlaw: The Life and Times of William S. Burroughs (New York: W. W. Norton, 1988), 61, 251.

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David T. Courtwright, “A Century of