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573 “quantities of cherries”: Fremantle, Three Months in the Southern States, 258.

573 “When things go wrong”: Fuller, Grant and Lee, 198.

575 “profoundly still”: Fremantle, Three Months in the Southern States, 259.

575 “polkas and waltzes”: Ibid., 260.

576 “apathy”: Gilbert Moxley Sorrel, Recollections of a Confederate Staff Officer (New York: Neale, 1905), 164.

577 “irritated and annoyed”: Freeman, Robert E. Lee, Vol. 3, 89.

580 Although that battle lasted: Noah Trudeau, The Second Day: A Testing of Courage (New York: HarperCollins, 2002), 272.

580 “Well, General, you are here”: Wert, General James Longstreet, 282.

581 “was doing well”: Fremantle, Three Months in the Southern States, 260.

581 “We have not been as successful”: Wert, General James Longstreet, 282.

582 It was Lee’s job: Freeman, Robert E. Lee, Vol. 3, 105.

583 “General, I have been”: Wert, General James Longstreet, 283.

585 All together, Lee had 125: Freeman, Robert E. Lee, Vol. 3, 109–10.

585 The rest were scattered: Ibid.

585 As Longstreet reckoned: Longstreet, From Manassas to Appomattox, 325.

586 “filled with wounded”: Fremantle, Three Months in the Southern States, 262.

586 “the range of heights”: Ibid., 263.

587 “little clump of trees”: Freeman, Robert E. Lee, Vol. 3, 111.

588 “I heard a thud on my right”: John H. Worsham, One of Jackson’s Foot Cavalry (New York: Neale, 1912), 129.

590 “if General Longstreet’s attack should fail”: Freeman, Robert E. Lee, Vol. 3, 114.

590 Lee folded up his map: Ibid.

590 “If the artillery”: Ibid., 115.

591 “entirely successful”: Edward Porter Alexander, Military Memoirs of a Confederate: A Critical Narrative (New York: Scribner, 1914), 421.

591 “calm and confident”: Freeman, Robert E. Lee, Vol. 3, 116.

592 “For every Southern boy”: From William Faulkner’s Intruder in the Dust. See Charles Shelton Aiken, William Faulkner and the Southern Landscape (Athens: University of Georgia Press, 2009), 115.

594 The first salvo: Bearss, Fields of Honor, 197.

594 saw “a shell go through six horses”: Earl J. Hess, Pickett’s Charge: The Last Attack at Gettysburg (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2001), 149.

594 “Shells burst in the air”: War of the Rebellion: A Compilation of the Official Records of the Union and Confederate Armies, Series I, Vol. 27, Part I (Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1889), 706.

594 “made a very hell”: Jacob Hoke, Historical Reminiscences of the War (Chambersburg, Pa.: M.A. Foltz Printer, 1884), 81.

594 “too much elevation”: Bearss, Fields of Honor, 196.

594 “a display of fireworks”: Jeffrey D. Wert, Gettysburg: Day Three (New York: Touchstone, 2001), 182.

594 “sheltered lines of infantry”: “Review of the Gettysburg Campaign,” in Southern Historical Society Papers, R.A. Brock, ed. (Richmond, Va.: Southern Historical Society, 1909), Vol. 37, 137.

595 “For God’s sake come quick”: Wert, General James Longstreet, 290.

595 Although Brigadier General Hunt was trying: Freeman, Robert E. Lee, Vol. 3, 120.

596 Lee’s artillery chief: Ibid., 121.

596 “nearly exhausted”: Ibid.

596 Alexander reported to Longstreet: Longstreet, From Manassas to Appomattox, 350.

596 “fill up his ammunition chests”: Ibid., 351.

596 “grand march moved bravely on”: Ibid.

596 “the salute of the officers”: Ibid., 350.

598 “Yankee dead”: Fremantle, Three Months in the Southern States, 264.

598 “his colors cut down”: Longstreet, From Manassas to Appomattox, 332.

599 As the Confederates approached: Philip M. Cole, Civil War Artillery at Gettysburg: Organization, Equipment, Ammunition and Tactics (New York: Da Capo, 2002), 132.

599 “I soon began to meet”: Fremantle, Three Months in the Southern States, 265.

600 “When a mounted officer began”: Ibid., 268.

601 “There are the guns, boys”: Freeman, Robert E. Lee, Vol. 3, 128.

601 “Too bad!”: Ibid., 133–34.

601 “It’s all my fault”: Ibid., 136.

CHAPTER 11 Lee and Grant

603 “I hope,” he wrote: Robert E. Lee to Jefferson Davis, July 8, 1863, Papers of Jefferson Davis, Lynda Lasswell Crist, ed. (Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1997), Vol. 9, 266.

605 “I deeply sympathize”: Robert E. Lee, Jr., Recollections and Letters of Robert E. Lee (Garden City, N.Y.: Doubleday, Page, 1924), 100.

606 Markie corresponded with Lee: Frances Scott and Anne C. Webb, Who Is Markie? The Life of Martha Custis Williams Carter, Cousin and Confidante of Robert E. Lee (Berwyn Heights, Md.: Heritage, 2007), 41.

607 Having fallen “in love”: Ibid., 133.

607 But if Lee thought he was well rid: Mary P. Coulling, The Lee Girls (Winston-Salem, N.C.: Blair, 1987), 114.

607 He came to visit the Lees: Scott and Webb. Who Is Markie? 148.

607 Agnes and Orton: Ibid.

608 “an indefinable air”: Ibid., 151.

608 When asked for his opinion: Ibid., 152–53.

608 Lee was said to be outraged: Douglas Southall Freeman, Robert E. Lee: A Biography (New York: Scribner, 1934), Vol. 3, 213.

609 “Again and again”: Coulling, The Lee Girls, 125.

610 Freeman mentions that soldiers: Freeman, Robert E. Lee, Vol. 3, 243.

612 “Blessed be the Lord”: Ibid., 242.

613 a daily ration: Ibid., 248.

613 “Not only did [Lee] refuse”: J. F. C. Fuller, Grant and Lee: A Study in Personality and Generalship (New York: Scribner, 1933), 125.

613 “It has pleased God”: Freeman, Robert E. Lee, Vol. 3, 217.

614 “more vigorous enforcement”: Ibid., 254.

614 At its lowest point: Ibid., 253.

615 General Beauregard wanted to concentrate: Fuller, Grant and Lee, 210.

615 Lee, possibly persuaded: Ibid., 211.

616 At first Lee planned: Ibid., 212.

617 Lee woefully underestimated: Colonel Vincent J. Esposito, The West Point Atlas of the American Wars, 1689–1900 (New York: Praeger, 1959), Vol. 1, text accompanying map 120.

617 Lee’s army was spread: Ibid., map 121.

617 As for Grant: Ibid.

617 “The Wilderness”: Fuller, Grant and Lee, 212.

618 Colonel Vincent Esposito speculates: Esposito, The West Point Atlas of the American Wars, Vol. 1, text accompanying map 121.

619 The fighting was so fierce: Freeman, Robert E. Lee, Vol. 3, 280–81.

620 “a wrestle as blind as midnight”: Adam Badeau, Military History of Ulysses S. Grant: